Cross Center Collaborations Twin study to assess gene environment/culture interactions in 5,500 twin pairs in the Qingdao, China registry. In April, 2002, investigators from the University of Southern California and University of Pennsylvania/Georgetown TTURCs met with Dr. Lee Liming, from China's CDC and the Peking University, and Dr. Bao, from Qingdao's CDC, to develop a research plan utilizing the Qingdao twin registry. The TTURC researchers comprised of Drs. Caryn Lerman, director of the University of Pennsylvania/Georgetown University TTURC; Gary Swan, director of the Center for Health Sciences at SRI International; C. Anderson Johnson, director of the USC TTURC; Chih-Ping Chou, USC TTURC investigator; and Paula H. Palmer, associate director of the USC TTURC. Additional meetings were conducted to review existing data and continue planning for the study. In addition to the researchers mentioned above, Drs. Jennifer Unger, and Peggy Gallaher from the USC TTURC will contribute cultural-relevativity input and Dr. Rachel Tyndale, from the University of Toronto, will provide input about molecular biology. Plans are being made to submit one or more RO1 proposals to support this research. An economic analysis of factors contributing to tobacco use and control in China. This study involves researchers from the Yale and USC TTURCs, and collaborators in China. Drs. Wang Huang and Jody Sindelar, researchers from the Yale TTURC, have volunteered to lead the development of this study. Lee Liming, China CDC Director, Vice President of Peking University will lead the Chinese portion of the study. Culture, mood, and smoking with Asian and Anglo youth. This project is a collaboration between Drs. C. Anderson Johnson from the USC TTURC and Larry Jamner from the UCI TTURC to investigate the moment-to-moment influences on smoking among Asian and Caucasian youth. They will use Palm Pilot computers programmed with special electronic diaries on which they will report smoking urges and behaviors along with their activities, social contexts, and moods. This study is being carried out in California and China. The researchers have found that whereas hostility and depressive mood are associated with episodes of smoking among California Whites, mood is relatively dissociated from smoking in California and Chinese Asians. Social setting seems to drive smoking episodes for California and China Asian youth. Future research will focus on greater resolution of contextual variables associated with smoking in different cultures. A study of daily activities, social and environmental context, mood and tobacco use among Asian and Caucasian youth in the U.S. and China builds on the "Culture, mood, and smoking with Asian and Anglo youth" study. However, this study will focus on environmental and cultural contexts relevant to tobacco use and potential differences in pathways among Asian and Caucasian youth. NIDA funded a new Transdisciplinary Drug Abuse Prevention Research Center (TPRC) at USC. Alan Stacy, PhD., of USC is the director, while Drs. Larry Jamner and Dan Stokols of the UCI TTURC will serve as consultants. TPRC is a direct outgrowth of the TTURC. Dr. Stacy has been partially supported by the USC TTURC, including his development of implicit cognition approaches to tobacco use prevention. Drs. Steve Sussman and C. Anderson Johnson of USC are co-directors and co-principal investigators. Drs. Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Chih-Ping Chou, Peggy E. Gallaher, Elahe Nezami, Paula H. Palmer, Sohaila Shakib, Jennifer B. Unger, and Thomas W. Valente and their TTURC-supported research also contributed to the TPRC research plan. Dr. Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati and Paula H. Palmer from USC TTURC will provide support to research at the University of Pennsylvania/Georgetown University TTURC. They will contribute cultural perspectives to Dr. Alexandra Shield's research on ethical issues in smoking and genetics. The University of Utah has been awarded a center grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute to identify genetic and molecular mechanisms of tobacco addiction and explore genetic susceptibility to clinic disease consequences of cigarette smoking. The University of Wisconsin TTURC will help characterize the nicotine dependence phenotype in order to identify its genetic associations. The work will feature assessment strategies that the UW TTURC has developed as part of its research, including the multi-dimensional assessment of withdrawal as well as the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WSDM). Tim Baker, co-principal investigator for the UW-TTURC research program, will act as co-investigator for the Utah genetic center grant. As a result of NIH TTURC funding, Utah and Wisconsin have collaborated over the last three years on Wisconsin TTURC research.